{"id":4321,"date":"2014-03-11T10:38:18","date_gmt":"2014-03-11T09:38:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/gemreportunesco.wpcomstaging.com\/?p=4321"},"modified":"2022-02-03T22:17:46","modified_gmt":"2022-02-03T21:17:46","slug":"afghanistan-rebuilding-girls-education-after-decades-of-conflict","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/world-education-blog.org\/2014\/03\/11\/afghanistan-rebuilding-girls-education-after-decades-of-conflict\/","title":{"rendered":"Afghanistan: rebuilding girls\u2019 education after decades of conflict"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nahida, a school principal in Kabul, is the third participant in our ten-week #<\/i>TeacherTuesday campaign<\/i><\/a>. In Afghanistan, conflict has raged for decades, cultural opposition to girls\u2019 schooling is deep-seated, and education for girls was banned altogether under the Taliban. Nahida describes how she has struggled for 25 years to defend and improve girls\u2019 education in the face of gender bias and conflict that still affect her work every day.<\/i><\/p>\n

After graduating from Kabul University in the late 1980s, Nahida became a teacher. But then the Taliban came to power.<\/p>\n

Under the Taliban: a secret school for girls
\n<\/b>\u201cIt was their policy to close all the schools for females. For me, it was difficult to go to school to teach. When I went to my school, the principal was a mullah and he didn\u2019t allow me to enter and asked me after that not to come to school.\u00a0 But for the boys, school was open.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhen I understood the policy of Taliban was not to allow girls and female teachers to go to school, I started a home school for girls that was very secret and not official because families and their parents asked me to teach their daughters. It was a very strict time. Very difficult. I was afraid.\u201d<\/p>\n

\"Afghan<\/a>
Afghan students coats hung on the wall at a school in Kabul<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

When the Taliban fell, the way was open to restore education for girls. But first everything had to be rebuilt from scratch \u2013 there was literally nothing left.<\/p>\n

The long process of rebuilding
\n<\/b>\u201cWhen I went to my school it was completely destroyed. The buildings had no windows, no doors. The surrounding wall was destroyed. Schools didn\u2019t have any chairs, tables, blackboard, chalk \u2013 no school materials at all. First I cleaned the classes with the help of my teachers. I made the surrounding wall in mud and stones. I gave messages to families and, mosques and asked them to send their daughters to school.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe girls came back slowly, slowly. I encouraged families, asked their parents to school, encouraged them, talked with them. Also I sent my female teachers to their homes. I announced it in different mosques.\u201d<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Despite improvements over the decade, the EFA Global Monitoring Report 2013\/4<\/a> shows that Afghanistan still has the highest level of gender disparity in primary education<\/a> in the world with only 71 girls in primary school for every 100 boys. In 1999, no girls were in secondary school in the country. By 2011, there were still only 55 girls in secondary school for every 100 boys.<\/p>\n

\"Girls<\/a>
Girls in class in Afghanistan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For Nahida and her students, the conflict in Afghanistan is far from over. \u201cNow in Afghanistan, war continues every day. There are suicide attacks, bombs. The insecurity, and instability is a big challenge for our people, especially for girls. When a suicide attack happens, families don\u2019t allow their girls to go to school for one or two days. Also for boys, but especially for girls. I have organized special transportation for my students. It\u2019s a good solution to prevent absenteeism of girls from school.\u201d<\/p>\n

The struggle to hire and train enough women teachers
\n<\/b>Nahida\u2019s long experience underlines how important it is for governments to hire and train female teachers. As our new gender summary of the EFA GMR 2013\/4<\/a> shows, however, women teachers are particularly lacking in areas with wide gender disparity in enrolment.<\/p>\n

In 2008, in Afghanistan, less than 30% of those in initial teacher education were female, even though the numbers had been increasing thanks to programmes enabling women to enter teaching with lower qualifications. In 2011, less than a third of teachers in primary education in the country were female.<\/p>\n

Female teachers are even less likely to work in rural areas. \u201cIt\u2019s the big challenge for education,\u201d Nahida confirmed. \u201cIn the provinces, especially in the unstable provinces like the south of Afghanistan, the lack of female teachers causes schools difficulties. The government is planning to do more to educate and hire female teachers, but it is hard to send teachers to the provinces because of lack of security.\u201d<\/p>\n

A big part of the problem is that so few girls complete secondary school \u2013 the basic qualification for becoming a teacher. \u201cDay by day the number of girls decreases especially in the high grade classes like 10, 11 and 12,\u201d Nahida said. \u00a0Our WIDE database<\/a> confirms that only 6% of young women aged15-24 years in rural areas had completed lower secondary school in 2010.<\/a><\/p>\n

\"Gender<\/a>In the 2013\/4 EFA Global Monitoring Report<\/a>, we outline recommendations to help policy makers encourage more female teachers to work in disadvantaged areas, including providing female teachers with incentives, such as safe housing, to move to rural areas. Alternatively, local recruitment can also ensure that poor, rural girls receive the benefits of being taught by a female teacher.<\/p>\n

In the case of Afghanistan, the government aims to increase the number of female teachers by 50% by 2014 with monetary and housing incentives for female teachers, and special teacher training programmes for women in remote areas and women who do not meet current qualification requirements.<\/p>\n

Looking to the future
\n<\/b>Conflict-affected countries like Afghanistan desperately need help. But total aid to basic education in Afghanistan fell from US$288 million in 2010 to US$217 million in 2011. <\/a>Meanwhile, appeals for humanitarian aid during and after conflict tend to neglect education needs. In 2012, education received only 3% of the humanitarian funding raised for Afghanistan.<\/a><\/p>\n

For Nahida, education is not something to be viewed as a problem, but as part of the solution for breaking the cycle of conflict: \u201cEducated people don\u2019t take guns,\u201c she said. \u201cThey don\u2019t destroy their country and their schools.\u201d<\/p>\n

Join the #TeacherTuesday campaign<\/a>: Write a blog, send a tweet, join our weekly Twitter Q&As. Read the tweetchat on Storify<\/a>.<\/i><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nahida, a school principal in Kabul, is the third participant in our ten-week #TeacherTuesday campaign. In Afghanistan, conflict has raged for decades, cultural opposition to girls\u2019 schooling is deep-seated, and education for girls was banned altogether under the Taliban. Nahida describes how she has struggled for 25 years to defend and improve girls\u2019 education in […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29479326,"featured_media":4322,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[42339,27915,33670137,2156],"tags":[597246994,15835174,201197],"class_list":["post-4321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-conflict","category-gender","category-out-of-school-children","category-teachers","tag-teachertuesday-blog-series","tag-finance-2","tag-humanitarian-aid"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAfghanistan: rebuilding girls\u2019 education after decades of conflict - World Education Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/world-education-blog.org\/2014\/03\/11\/afghanistan-rebuilding-girls-education-after-decades-of-conflict\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Afghanistan: rebuilding girls\u2019 education after decades of conflict - World Education Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nahida, a school principal in Kabul, is the third participant in our ten-week #TeacherTuesday campaign. 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